一种超导重力仪磁悬浮力的等效计算

为实现超导重力仪磁悬浮力的精确计算,以GWR型超导重力仪为模型基础,采用有限元的思想,将超导球表面电流理想化为多个等高共轴电流环,计算出各个电流环与超导线圈的作用力,求和得到线圈与超导球间的磁悬浮力。利用MATLAB完成计算程序实现,通过改变下线圈电流和上、下线圈电流比,获得满足一定条件的磁悬浮力及其梯度。选取合适的模型参数,计算出线圈对质量为m=4.069 g超导球的磁悬浮力大小为:Ftotal=3.988×10^-2N,磁悬浮力梯度为:-9.699×10^-3N/m,此时悬浮力梯度合适,满足系统稳定性和灵敏度的要求。     

托卡马克真空室内线圈水冷管道接头强化二次流的数值研究

基于计算流体力学(CFD)理论，研究了不同曲率半径的螺旋导流片的托卡马克真空室内线圈水冷管道接头。利用湍流数值模拟方法，分析了线圈管道接头导流片曲率半径比、冷却水入口流速对线圈管道内流体平均雷诺数分布的影响。结果表明，不同导流片曲率半径比的线圈管道内的流体雷诺数分布曲线相似，平均雷诺数随入口流速的增加而增大，管道接头出口雷诺数随导流片曲率半径比的增大而减小，导流片曲率半径比小的管接头更适用于线圈水冷曲线管的二次流强化。此外，还为导流片曲率半径比为0.2的管接头拟合了管接头出口雷诺数与入口流速的关系式，为进一步研究类似于托卡马克真空室内线圈管道的曲线管接头的二次流强化提供理论基础。     

HT—7U超导托克马克纵场线圈等效模量的数值分析

HT－7U托克马克装置的纵场线圈是由多种材料组成的具有周期性分布的大型复杂结构，线圈可视为由超导线、支撑结构和绝缘材料组成的复合材料，结构极其复杂。整个线圈工作在液氦温区。在设计阶段对其宏观等效力学性能进行数值分析计算是十分必要的，但要对整个线圈直接进行有限元分析或实验是极其困难的，主要利用均匀化方法对其进行等效处理，从而分析计算其宏观等效模量，为线圈的设计和评估提供参考依据。另外本文对均匀化方法的边界条件进行了一些改进，提出了更加合理的三维边界条件。     

Torsion balances with fibres of zero length

Torsion balances have good immunity to tilt and low rotational stiffness. However precise control of the position of the suspended torsion ‘bob’ is difficult in the presence of ground vibrations and tilt and this is a limiting factor in applications where Casimir forces or putative non-Newtonian short-range forces are being measured. We describe how the desirable characteristics of torsion balances can be reproduced in a rigid body that is suspended using applied forces rather than a torsion fibre. The suspension system can then provide a more precise control of the degrees of freedom of the suspended body. We apply these ideas to a superconducting levitated torsion balance, developed by the authors, and a generic electrostatic suspension. We present results of preliminary experiments that provide support for our analyses.     

A new experimental technique for measuring the local birefringence and molecular orientation in liquid crystals

A new experimental technique is described for the measurement of local birefringence and molecular orientation in liquid crystals. This technique consists in analyzing the local channeled spectra obtained by optical polarising microscopy.     

Detecting itinerant single microwave photons

Single-photon detectors are fundamental tools of investigation in quantum optics and play a central role in measurement theory and quantum informatics. Photodetectors based on different technologies exist at optical frequencies and much effort is currently being spent on pushing their efficiencies to meet the demands coming from the quantum computing and quantum communication proposals. In the microwave regime, however, a single-photon detector has remained elusive, although several theoretical proposals have been put forth. In this article, we review these recent proposals, especially focusing on non-destructive detectors of propagating microwave photons. These detection schemes using superconducting artificial atoms can reach detection efficiencies of 90% with the existing technologies and are ripe for experimental investigations.     

Cu chemistry of YBa2Cu3O6+x investigated by nuclear quadrupole resonance

The nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) technique has been utilized to characterize the local oxygen coordination of inequivalent Cu sites in YBa₂Cu₃O_6+x(0 ≤ x ≤ 0.91). Essentially, four distinct NQR lines which correspond to 2, 3,4 oxygen coordinated Cu sites in the Cu-O chains and 5 oxygen coordinated Cu sites in the Cu-O planes have been observed. The zero-field NQR frequencies of these are centered at about 30.1, 24.0, 22.0 and 31.5 MHz for ⁶³Cu, respectively. For the antiferromagnetic ordered state (x ≤ 0.3), antiferromagnetic nuclear resonance (AFNR) has been observed at 90 MHz with quadrupole splittings associated with the moment-bearing Cu sites in the Cu-O planes. The relative intensities of these resonance lines depend on the oxygen content, and this gives us a microscopic understanding of the Cu chemistry of this system.     

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针对强磁场实验装置(SHMFF)的链式高压有源电力滤波方案规划,基于有源滤波系统的非线性特性, 采用分数阶值。PI 控制器替代普通PI 控制器,在此基础上引入粒子群算法优化指令电流PI 控制器参数,并通过 实验对比分析了人工整定的PI 控制器与PSO 整定的PI 控制器的运行效果。经样机实验表明,采用的PSO 算法 整定的电流内环控制器是正确的,且具有一定的参考价值。     

背景磁场下Y系超导带材临界电流的测量

高温超导电力装置一般工作于低磁场情况下,测量超导带材在低场下的临界电流特性非常重要.文中通过自行设计的实验平台,采用四引线法对Y系超导带材低场下的临界电流特性进行了测量,得到了带材临界电流随外加磁场变化的曲线,并与Bi系带材低场下的临界电流特性进行比较.     

Ultrasound velocimetry of ferrofluid spin-up flow measurements using a spherical coil assembly to impose a uniform rotating magnetic field

Ferrofluid spin-up flow is studied within a sphere subjected to a uniform rotating magnetic field from two surrounding spherical coils carrying sinusoidally varying currents at right angles and 90° phase difference. Ultrasound velocimetry measurements in a full sphere of ferrofluid shows no measureable flow. There is significant bulk flow in a partially filled sphere (1-14 mm/s) of ferrofluid or a finite height cylinder of ferrofluid with no cover (1-4 mm/s) placed in the spherical coil apparatus. The flow is due to free surface effects and the non-uniform magnetic field associated with the shape demagnetizing effects. Flow is also observed in the fully filled ferrofluid sphere (1-20 mm/s) when the field is made non-uniform by adding a permanent magnet or a DC or AC excited small solenoidal coil. This confirms that a non-uniform magnetic field or a non-uniform distribution of magnetization due to a non-uniform magnetic field are causes of spin-up flow in ferrofluids with no free surface, while tangential magnetic surface stress contributes to flow in the presence of a free surface.Recent work has fitted velocity flow measurements of ferrofluid filled finite height cylinders with no free surface, subjected to uniform rotating magnetic fields, neglecting the container shape effects which cause non-uniform demagnetizing fields, and resulting in much larger non-physical effective values of spin viscosity η′∼10⁻⁸−10⁻¹² N s than those obtained from theoretical spin diffusion analysis where η′≤10⁻¹⁸ N s. COMSOL Multiphysics finite element computer simulations of spherical geometry in a uniform rotating magnetic field using non-physically large experimental fit values of spin viscosity η′∼10⁻⁸−10⁻¹² N s with a zero spin-velocity boundary condition at the outer wall predicts measureable flow, while simulations setting spin viscosity to zero (η′=0) results in negligible flow, in agreement with the ultrasound velocimetry measurements. COMSOL simulations also confirm that a non-uniform rotating magnetic field or a uniform rotating magnetic field with a non-uniform distribution of magnetization due to an external magnet or a current carrying coil can drive a measureable flow in an infinitely long ferrofluid cylinder with zero spin viscosity (η′=0).